NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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What is the major adverse effect of loop diuretics in supportive therapy for PAH?

Hypotension
Flushing
Rebound pulmonary hypertension
Jaw pain

The correct answer is: Hypotension

Loop diuretics are commonly used in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to reduce fluid overload and edema. One of the major adverse effects of loop diuretics, such as furosemide, is hypotension. Loop diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle in the kidneys, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes, including sodium and potassium. Excessive diuresis can result in volume depletion and subsequently cause hypotension. Flushing, rebound pulmonary hypertension, and jaw pain are not typically associated with loop diuretics. Flushing is more commonly seen with vasodilators, rebound pulmonary hypertension may occur with abrupt discontinuation of PAH-specific therapies, and jaw pain is not a common adverse effect of loop diuretics in the context of PAH treatment.