NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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What medications are used for breakthrough CINV?

NK1-RA
5HT3-RAs
Corticosteroids
Benzos

The correct answer is: 5HT3-RAs

Breakthrough Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) refers to the occurrence of CINV despite the use of prophylactic antiemetic medications. Medications used for breakthrough CINV include rescue antiemetics such as 5HT3-RAs (5-HT3 receptor antagonists) like ondansetron, granisetron, and palonosetron. These medications work by blocking serotonin, which is a key neurotransmitter involved in triggering nausea and vomiting. Option A, NK1-RA (Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist), and Option C, corticosteroids, are typically used as part of the prophylactic antiemetic regimen to prevent CINV and are not primarily indicated for the treatment of breakthrough CINV. Option D, benzodiazepines (benzos), are not commonly used in the treatment of CINV. They are more commonly used for anxiety, sedation, seizure control, and muscle relaxation.