NAPLEX (North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination) Practice Exam

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Which condition is characterized by low pH and low HCO3 levels?

Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis

The correct answer is: Metabolic acidosis

Low pH and low HCO3 levels indicate an excess of acid in the blood, which is known as acidosis. Respiratory acidosis is caused by a build-up of CO2 in the blood, leading to an increase in acidity. However, it is characterized by high levels of HCO3. On the other hand, metabolic alkalosis is characterized by high pH and high HCO3 levels due to an excessive loss of acid from the body. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation and is characterized by high pH and low HCO3 levels. Therefore, the only option that fits the given characteristics is B Metabolic acidosis.